Work and Travel U.S.a

Governmental Department of Education, Youth and Sports. Lyceum Vasil Levschi Conference Selection: English language Theme: Work and Travel U. S. A. Made by: Vitcovschii Igor 11 Fudulaki Dmitrii 11 Research advisor : Chisinau-2012 Contain: 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2.What kind of program is it?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 a) Requirements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 b) How to apply for the summer Work and Travel program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 c) Wo rk & Travel: Step by step†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 d) Goals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 e) Problems with the program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 3. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 4. Sources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 5. Supplements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 1. Introduction. Our theme is â€Å"Work and Travel in the USA†. â€Å"Work and Travel USA† is a program of international cultural exchange which allows students from different countries of the world, to depart on summer vacations to the United States to work and travel. The primary purpose of the program is to acquaint foreign students with the culture and life of modern America and the distribution of other cultures among its inhabitants. We've chosen this theme, because we think it is very hot topic nowadays.A lot of people from different countries use this program to work and travel in foreign country – the USA. In our work we talk not only about the benefits and the limitations of this one, we will tell you about situations, which make people use this program, about people’s views who used this program. We think that it is very actual theme, because a lot of students who want to use this program don’t know a lot about it, and they don’t know where they can find information. Of cause they can find it through the internet, but not every topic from there is true.We will tell you about the relations which fold between students and citizens in an unfamiliar, alien environment for them, about how they learn to earn, about the challenges they face there, and the opportunities to be deceived by unscrupulous companies. 2. What kind of program is it? The founder of the program and its main supervisor is the  Department of State, which determines the number of students that have a right to take part each year. Companies that represent the program abroad, register students in the program, and help to provide information and get the necessary documents.Also, some agencies help program participants to plan their journey to their future place of  work, giv ing the possibility of purchasing international airline tickets on  students’  tariffs. a) Requirements. To participate in this program, students must meet the following requirements. Participants must be post-secondary school students who are actively pursuing a degree or a full-time course of study at an accredited educational institution in their country of residence may participate in the Summer Work program only during their summer vacation.Students may not participate in this program during time periods other than their summer vacations. Prospective exchange visitors must also possess sufficient proficiency in the English language to participate in their programs. b) How to apply for the summer Work and Travel program. There are a number of local agencies that work with American sponsors and recruit Summer Work and Travel Program participants. These agencies and American sponsors hold job fairs throughout Moldova during the winter and spring during which qualified p articipants can be interviewed by prospective employers.Local agencies can also help participants locate employment on their own. The final step involves an interview with a consular officer at the U. S. Embassy in Chisinau, which the local agency will help to arrange. The purpose of the interview is ensure that participants meet the requirements of the program and is eligible to receive visas. c) Work: Step by Step Prepare: Now what? You’ve been accepted to the Work & Travel USA program; it’s time to prepare for a successful experience. In this section, we’ll talk about important documents and things you’ll need to do before leaving your home country.You’ll need to plan your transportation and housing, pack your luggage, and more! Important Documents You must have current and correct documents, or you might not be allowed to enter the U. S. Please make sure that you have all of the important documents explained below. Make at least two photocopies of each document, and leave one copy at home with a parent or friend. Do not pack any of these documents in your checked luggage – take all of them on the plane with you. Your luggage could be lost during your travel, and you may be required to return home if you do not have these documents with you. 1.DS-2019 Form: This form is issued by your legal sponsor, and is provided to you by your representative in your home country. You will need your DS-2019 Form for your J-1 Visa interview at the U. S. Embassy. When you receive your DS-2019 form, please check that your work dates are correct. If they are incorrect, notify your representative immediately and have them corrected. You will also need to present your DS-2019 form to the immigration officer upon entry to the U. S. 2. SEVIS Receipt: You will receive this official receipt along with your DS-2019 Form after your Work & Travel application is successfully processed.You will need to take the SEVIS receipt with you to your emb assy interview. 3. Passport and J-1 Visa: You need a valid passport and a valid J-1 Visa in order to enter the U. S. To get your J-1 Visa, you need to contact the U. S. Embassy in your home country and schedule an interview. It’s possible your representative will help you with this, so be sure to ask them. Your J-1 Visa will note whether it is a single entry or multiple entry visa. If you have an M in your J-1 visa this means you can 4. enter the U. S. multiple times.If you have an S in your J-1 Visa this means that you can only enter the U. S. ONLY one time. 5. I -94 Arrival Card: The I-94 is a critically important document! You will receive this card on your flight to the U. S. and it is required for the Social Security number application. You should ask the U. S. Customs official to staple your I-94 to your passport once you enter the country. If you lose your I-94 card before you applying for a Social Security number you will need to apply for a replacement I-94 card and this will cause significant time delays.During this time you may not be able to work and it’s very possible you will be required to return home early because of these problems. Please take care of your I-94 card! † 6. Customs Declaration Form 6059B: You will receive this card on your flight to the U. S. and must fill it out before going through Customs. 7. Insurance ID/Health & Safety Pocket Guide: This guide contains important information about your travel insurance and serves as your insurance card. Write your DS-2019 number on your insurance card in the space titled ‘Member ID. ’ When you are in the U. S. eep this card with you at all times, since it will be required if you seek medical assistance. Your Health & Safety guide also contains useful health and safety tips. 8. Employment Offer Agreement Form (EOAF): This document is your job agreement with your employer. It indicates the details of your job and the dates you have agreed to work. The immigrati on officer may ask you to present this form upon entry to the U. S. Before you depart for the U. S. There are some important things that you need to do before you depart for the U. S. If you have any questions as you prepare for the program, talk to your representative.If your plans or travel dates change, be sure to let your representative know, as you will not be able to make changes to your DS-2019 and/or program dates once you are in the U. S. Plan your Transportation and Housing Plan your transportation and temporary housing in the U. S. before departing. You should research transportation (buses, trains, and subway systems) from the airport to your job as well as temporary housing (hostels and affordable hotels or motels). Be sure to consider alternate options in case you need to change your plan along the way.Your employer can be a good resource for advice on transportation and housing. Bring Enough Money When you enter the U. S. , it is required that you show proof of funds (at least $800 if you have a job upon entering the U. S. or $1200 if you do not already have a confirmed job) to customs. Only cash, bank statements, and traveler’s checks are accepted as proof of funds. CIEE recommends that you bring more money if possible in case of unexpected problems. You want to make sure that you have extra money to cover all of your expenses before you receive your first paycheck.Contact your Employer Once your travel plans have been finalized, contact your employer in the U. S. Let them know when you will arrive, and make sure the dates on your DS-2019 Form match the dates your employer expects you to work. If any of your plans or travel dates change, be sure to contact your employer. It’s possible that your employer will be willing to meet you at the airport or bus station when you arrive. Share your flight details with them and work out a plan to get to the job. Also, confirm your employer’s phone number(s) in case there are any unexpe cted delays.Finally, your employer is an excellent resource for local information on housing. They might be able to share ideas on what to do and where to stay. Pack your Bags When preparing to depart for the U. S. , make sure to pack all of your important documents as well as a change of clothes and anything else you might need in your carry-on bag, in case your checked luggage is delayed. When packing your bags, note the following: 1. Always check with your airline before you travel about luggage restrictions. 2. Take an extra set of clothes in your carry-on luggage. 3. Make sure you pack your important documents in your carry-on luggage.Pack copies in your checked luggage. 4. All prescription drugs should be clearly marked and accompanied by a prescription from your doctor. 5. Do not bring articles made from protected species or perishable foods such as cheese, fruit, or nuts. 6. If you bring alcohol, you must be 21 or older. 7. If you carry more than $10,000 you must report this to a customs official. Arrive Welcome to the U. S.! Now what do you do? When you first enter the U. S. it is a good idea to contact your employer, during regular business hours, to let them know you have arrived and are traveling to your job.If your plane arrives late and you will not arrive as scheduled at your job, notify your employer of your new time. And don’t forget to call your parents or relatives back home so they know you have safely arrived in the U. S. Immigration and Customs When you enter the U. S. , it is important that you cooperate fully with the Customs Official and answer all of their questions clearly and respectfully. The Officer may ask you some general questions about your visit, program, and the place where you will stay. You should be prepared to present U. S.Customs Officials with all of your relevant travel documentation. They will ask you many questions related to the information you have provided on your I-94 Arrival Card and Customs Declaration Form (Form 6059B), as well as about the nature of your citizenship, your trip, and any unusual items you are bringing into the U. S. Expect to have your baggage opened for examination, and make sure that you have declared any non travel-related goods that you have with you. Collect Your Bags After passing through Immigration and Customs, follow signs to the baggage claim area.To find the correct carousel, check the display board for your flight number. If you waited a long time at Customs, your bags may have already passed through and been placed on the floor of the baggage area. If your luggage is lost or delayed, go to the airline desk at the airport and file a lost luggage report. If you know where you will be staying in the U. S. , give this address; if you don’t know where you will be staying, provide your employer’s address so your bags can be delivered there. Housing Do your best to find housing long before your arrival in the U. S.In many cases, your employer m ay have recommendations for short- or long-term housing near your workplace. If you are beginning the search on your own, use the resources below. Most importantly, don’t arrive in the U. S. without any pre-arranged housing. For the first few nights in the U. S. you may need short-term housing. Hostels, affordable motels, or universities and colleges are good options. It’s even better if you can travel and share expenses with other Work & Travel USA students. Make reservations ahead of time to make sure you have a bed or room when you arrive.When planning your long term-housing, consider living with other Work & Travel students – this is a great way to make new friends and save money. Also consider whether or not the housing is furnished, includes utilities, and whether it is close to work or is close to public transportation, as these can all affect your monthly costs. Rent, Sublet, or Share? When you start looking for a place to live, you will find apartments that are available to rent, sublet, or share. 1. Rent When you rent an apartment you sign a lease, or contract, with a landlord.Pay close attention to the lease agreement, as there may be penalties for breaking the contract. For example, if you lease an apartment for four months but decide to leave after two months, there may be a financial penalty in addition to your rent. 2. Sublet A sublet is an apartment or room rented by the owner or leaseholder to another person. Finding a sublet is a good option because it gives you flexibility similar to a month-to-month lease. 3. Share If you share an apartment you will pay a portion of the rent and common apartment expenses. This can be easier than looking for a place yourself.If you decide to share an apartment, make sure to meet your possible roommate to get a feel for the situation. Your first instinct is always your best, and you should not accept a situation that you don’t feel comfortable with. Eviction â€Å"Eviction† means being removed from your housing, and there are many reasons your landlord can do this, including: not paying rent on time, making too much noise, or damaging property. If you are evicted from your housing, you should get an eviction notice and be given a deadline to leave the housing. Do not let eviction happen to you! Be respectful of your living situation.This means paying the rent on time, taking care of your property, and following all of the rules in your lease or living agreement. If you have any concerns, talk to your landlord or the person responsible. Work Work & Travel USA is an opportunity not only to explore the U. S. , but also to earn money, make new friends, practice English, and experience what it’s really like to be part of a new culture. But first, you need to find a job and understand how to get started. Check out this section to learn about everything from getting a job, to Social Security, to income taxes.I don’t have a job yet†¦ If you traveled to the U. S. without a job, you will need to find one as soon as possible. For suggestions and resources to help you find a job while in the United States, please visit the Find a Job section. The list of all work places is very big. You can find all kinds of jobs, and every can be very interesting and well-paid. As compared with salary in Moldova, in the U. S. jobs are paid much well then in Moldova, and that salary is enough for staying there for a long time. List of jobs is varied: Amusement pack worker; Barmen; Cashier;Casino host; Builder; Cook or cook assistant; Customer service; Dish washer; Maid; Janitor; Painter; Wood worker; Car painter or Body shop worker; Waiter; How we can see jobs are simple, but they are taking a lot of time and force. I want to find a second job! This is a great idea. Many Work & Travel USA students get second jobs while they’re in the United States. There are some simple and important reminders that you should be aware of. Your prima ry job is your first responsibility. It is important that your second job does not interfere with your primary job.Make sure you let your manager know if you are looking for a second job. Salary Check with your employer to learn how often you will be paid. Most students get paid weekly or every other week. Typically you will receive a paycheck that you deposit into your bank account. Some employers may offer the option of direct deposit, which means that your salary will be deposited directly into your account. In either case, your employer will give you a salary statement, paystub, or pay slip, which will show the hours you worked and the amount you were paid.It will also contain information about the taxes and other deductions taken out of your paycheck. Depending on your agreement with your employer, you might also have uniform, housing, union membership dues, or other work-related items deducted from your salary. After you receive your first paycheck, review it to ensure there a re no errors. If you have questions about your paycheck, speak with your employer. Remember that you do not pay Social Security and Medicare taxes – if these were deducted in error, speak with your employer. Minimum Wage There is a minimum wage that employers in the U.S. are required to pay. Please note that the wage for some positions earning tips (for example waiter or waitress) may be less than the minimum wage. Overtime At times, there may be opportunities to work additional hours. As a new employee, it is a good idea to accept these overtime hours when possible. Many companies will pay you one-and-a-half times more than the normal wage rate for extra hours. Ask your employer for company overtime policies. Travel If you intend to travel at the end of your Work & Travel USA program, you are free to explore the U.S. for the period of time indicated on your Confirmation of Insurance document. However, when you have approved time off from work during your DS-2019 dates, you a re able to travel. Be sure to talk with your manager about the possibility of taking time off from work for travel. You should always ask for days off at least a week in advance. Depending on the agreement you signed with your representative, you may also have a Travel Period following your official work dates, during which your program insurance coverage remains in place.Your overall Program Dates are those stated on your Confirmation of Insurance Coverage document that you received with your DS-2019, and include both the work period and Travel Period. If you did not sign up for a Travel Period when applying for the program, it is not possible to add this once you are in the U. S. d) Goals. Why students are going to America? Every student has his own goal. Some of them want just to travel, some want to verify their language knowledge and to use it in, some want to buy there the newest gadgets, because they are cheaper in the U. S.Also, what these people want, whatever they just hav e fun, earn experience, find new friends†¦ But sponsors also have some goals too. They’ve written this one: The goals of the Work & Travel program are to: 1. Facilitate peace, tolerance and understanding through international exchange, global adventure and intercultural interaction. 2. Provide an opportunity for young people from around the world to challenge themselves through learning to work, grow and live in another country and culture. 3. Enable young people an affordable option to participate in a quality summer work & travel program. ) Problems with the program. For some one Work and Travel is a profit, for others-it’s a fear. There are a lot of firms-phantoms that take the money and do nothing. In advertisings is written that â€Å"You can travel all U. S. only for 200$†, in other –â€Å"only for 600$†. Is it true? Is it possible to earn more then you give and also make an adventure? No! One of the owners of Work and Travel said that m aximum you need to pay 2300 or 2600 $. It is the bill for some of the verifications. That is some of the tariffs that you need to pay for the program: 1065 $-only to find a job in U.S. A. ,to issue a contract of employment, health insurance,  for a letter of recommendation  to  get a  social security number, ID card Intrax (such as  identity cards), form  DS27  19 (on the basis  of which  offer  a visa), payment  service,  charged by the  United States  from all  participants in the program; 100 $ –  for the services  of the company; 131  $-  for the visa, this amount is paid to  the Embassy;   about 700  $ –  the price  of a plane ticket. In total,  the student  must  pay about 2000 $  for  short-term employment contract  in America.Another problem-every 3-d student doesn’t return home in time of vise. In 2007 the  U. S. Embassy  issued  visa  for more than 5000  students  for the program à ¢â‚¬Å"Summer Work and Travel†. Despite the fact  that one of the  conditions for participation  in the program is  to return  in Moldova on  September 17  , but about 20% of students who left  in summer  2007  in the U. S. ,  did not return  home, and  more than 40%  returned after  the deadline for  the return of  the lectures. Almost all  the rest  stayed  in the U. S. longer than  specified  in the visa  period.Ambassador  of Moldova  in the United States, Nicolae  Chirtoaca, said: â€Å"During the summer period  in the practice  of frequent  reception of the Embassy  included  notices  from prison,  reporting  on cases of  detention and arrest of our students  who come  for seasonal work. One of the reasons  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the excess  specified in the visa  period of stay  in the U. S. illegally, or  change of employment  not specified  in the contract. â€Å"There are  also cases where t he  Moldovan  students  were detained  in the U. S. for petty theft  in large  stores. There are a lot of more scary problems!When you came in USA- you don’t know anybody, you don’t know where you are, how and what to do: you are alone in strange side. When you come in the USA your job offer can cast you, and then you are left there without money, food, house, you don’t know the city, you can lost there without anything, without hope. But there are big advantages! One of them that you quickly become independent, because there is no one who will do your work, you will depend only on you. You are living alone; you must do your work only by yourself. And at last you earn money, which you can spend for travelling or some things that you want.Another advantage is that you learn more about the US culture, life, habitats, and holydays. But there is a big unhappy aspect-you can use Work and Travel program only 2 times, and when you get visa second time, the workers of the firm warn you that it is your last time of using Work ant Travel program. Looking at all aspects, problems and spending, would we use the Work and Travel program? It’s difficult question that needs reasonable answer. If you want to see new places, if you want to improve your spoken English, if you want to learn some thing new and if you strong enough to be alone-you will use this program.We know that there are a lot of people, who use W&T program. I’ve spoken with one some and that is what he tells me: His telling about first operations at his place with his documents: Today has set the seals to summer session and at once has gone, has handed over the student's record-book in Pegas. Like as tonight my documents should go already on DS-form reception. Somewhere in the middle of March means I will go to consulate†¦ It is as usual quiet as a boa. Still today has received one more JobOffer (yes-yes, here such in life not justice, at someone it isn't pre sent absolutely, and at someone it is some).From May, 4th till September, 4th the boss has sent such approximate accounting: MAY: $1650. 00 June: $2095. 00 July: $2285. 00 August: $2805. 00 September $375. 00 (this could be more if I were to extend your employment) Total: $9210. 00 The total amount looks anything so, quite. Especially considering that meal and habitation there the free†¦ Here now it was puzzled, it is necessary to count up, how many I will earn if I go simply in SF for example and I search there for work, I find, I live and take somewhere meal†¦ Nevertheless the variant with CA is pleasant to me more so it is necessary to weigh all PRO AND CONTRA†¦Then he told me about the process in the embassy: On an input the passport you give, write down in magazine. You pass through the metal detector. You go on the 4th floor. There too you submit the passport, you pass through framework. You pass in a waiting room small with chairs further and there behind parti tions two windows where consuls sit as in exchange cash desk for armor glasses. At the left the woman, on the right the man†¦ The man very long asks all and from its party constantly a laughter is audible†¦ The woman works quickly on the contrary. -Hello -Hello Please put your student’s book. What is your speciality? -Computer science in economy -Why do you want to go to the U. S. A? -I like travelling†¦. -Did you travel before? -Yes, I was in Britain last summer – For work there went? (The sense was that, asked again type Sorry? ) -I was on English courses and†¦.. -? -With student visa in Britain I can work only 20 hours, so I work 20 hours. – Put the left finger for scanning. Now the right. Thanks. As whom you will work in states? (Has besides asked again) -I will work on mobile concession unit†¦ food concession†¦ What concession? -Food†¦ selling food. – Type and what to sell that you will be? -Hot dogs, pop corn†¦ -Do you like hot dogs? -Yeeeeees! -Ok. Your visa approved. -Thank you. Bye. All dialogue has occupied on can minute-two†¦ Very quickly all†¦ When There is there that already on the automatic machine ask again Sorry? If It is hardly not clear In life the most important thing is sincerity – learn it to represent and the success is provided. Then he gave me some posts from his blog, which he was writing in the U. S. A: 1)Has once again understood, how badly I know English.Has come on mail and here has understood that I vaguely represent how to tell a phrase â€Å"I should receive a parcel (but hasn't received)†. Certainly I could explain it and me have understood even from the first†¦ But probably impression I make the real guest worker (as in the Russian Federation different Asians). His opinion about disadvantages of W&T if you want to practice your English: Gathered to America†¦ Thought (has been assured): what big city, I want in small American à ¢â‚¬Å"village†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ And that there was no Russian for they and in the Russian Federation suffice me†¦Thought I will speak only in an English, to work with Americans and so on†¦ Well also what? Than all it has ended? I live in almost million city which is considered most â€Å"European†, in Russian area, removing habitation at Russian-speaking, my neighbour about the room – Russian-speaking, my flat mates – Russian-speaking, on work at me ALL Russian-speaking†¦ And in addition I write in the blog in Russian and I go to read Russian news and forums†¦ And also his opinion about the USA and the UK: Here 3,5 months I in America (well hardly it is more).Exactly so much I have stayed in last year in Britain. Also that I have noticed†¦ Those 3,5 months in Britain I remember almost every day, all the summer long was one cool adventure. I remember as have arrived, as went to college as searched for work as went on it as we went to Oxford a nd Cambridge as somewhere went†¦ all that was then. Even work is there was an adventure part, a part of knowledge of Britain†¦ 3,5 months in America†¦ Well how to tell†¦ I remember the first 3 days after an arrival, and continuous gray everyday life all rest, routine†¦There are some fascinating moments (which are remembered when you re-read this diary), but also those as though in a fog†¦ That is simply stupid working day after day and any adventures and romanticism. As-it it is not correct†¦ 4. Conclusion. Looking at all aspects, problems and spending, would we use the Work and Travel program? It’s a difficult question that needs a reasonable answer. If you want to see new places, if you want to improve your spoken English, if you want to learn some thing new and if you strong enough to be alone-you will use this program.Work & Travel USA program gives you a chance to be much more than a tourist! Experience life in the U. S. by working side -by-side with locals. It’s a real American experience that also helps to cover travel expenses! Dialogue with the friend who is in the USA. -Hello, Friend! -Hi! -How are you? I know hat you're in the USA. Is it true? -Yes, I'm in the USA! -What are you doing there? How do you get there? -I've get here with help of the W program, and this program had helped me to find work. -Where are you working? -I'm working in a very beautiful restaurant And how is going? -It's a hard job. Very hard. I went through humiliation, because I'm not from America. -It's very sad. -First time it was very hard. I didn't know this city, I didn't know anyone. Every thing was foreign for me. But I found a good place to live. I found Russian speaking people. I found new friends. -And how are you now? -I'm fine. I have heavy but well paid job, I have new friends, I've learnt a lot of new things about the USA. -Wow! You've learnt so much thing being in the USA! How do you think should I try this program? I think that this will give you a good life experience, a new knowledge about this country and about people who live there! Try it! You may go to the one of offices of W&T program and they will give you all the information you need. It’s a real American experience that also helps to cover travel expenses! Bye. 5. Sources. Sites: 1. moldova. usembassy. gov 2. migratie. md 3. en. wikipedia. org 4. myworkandtravel. com. ua 5. simplex. dp. ua 6. workandtravel. su 6. Supplements. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] Work and Travel U.S.a Governmental Department of Education, Youth and Sports. Lyceum Vasil Levschi Conference Selection: English language Theme: Work and Travel U. S. A. Made by: Vitcovschii Igor 11 Fudulaki Dmitrii 11 Research advisor : Chisinau-2012 Contain: 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2.What kind of program is it?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 a) Requirements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 b) How to apply for the summer Work and Travel program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 c) Wo rk & Travel: Step by step†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 d) Goals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 e) Problems with the program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 3. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 4. Sources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 5. Supplements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 1. Introduction. Our theme is â€Å"Work and Travel in the USA†. â€Å"Work and Travel USA† is a program of international cultural exchange which allows students from different countries of the world, to depart on summer vacations to the United States to work and travel. The primary purpose of the program is to acquaint foreign students with the culture and life of modern America and the distribution of other cultures among its inhabitants. We've chosen this theme, because we think it is very hot topic nowadays.A lot of people from different countries use this program to work and travel in foreign country – the USA. In our work we talk not only about the benefits and the limitations of this one, we will tell you about situations, which make people use this program, about people’s views who used this program. We think that it is very actual theme, because a lot of students who want to use this program don’t know a lot about it, and they don’t know where they can find information. Of cause they can find it through the internet, but not every topic from there is true.We will tell you about the relations which fold between students and citizens in an unfamiliar, alien environment for them, about how they learn to earn, about the challenges they face there, and the opportunities to be deceived by unscrupulous companies. 2. What kind of program is it? The founder of the program and its main supervisor is the  Department of State, which determines the number of students that have a right to take part each year. Companies that represent the program abroad, register students in the program, and help to provide information and get the necessary documents.Also, some agencies help program participants to plan their journey to their future place of  work, giv ing the possibility of purchasing international airline tickets on  students’  tariffs. a) Requirements. To participate in this program, students must meet the following requirements. Participants must be post-secondary school students who are actively pursuing a degree or a full-time course of study at an accredited educational institution in their country of residence may participate in the Summer Work program only during their summer vacation.Students may not participate in this program during time periods other than their summer vacations. Prospective exchange visitors must also possess sufficient proficiency in the English language to participate in their programs. b) How to apply for the summer Work and Travel program. There are a number of local agencies that work with American sponsors and recruit Summer Work and Travel Program participants. These agencies and American sponsors hold job fairs throughout Moldova during the winter and spring during which qualified p articipants can be interviewed by prospective employers.Local agencies can also help participants locate employment on their own. The final step involves an interview with a consular officer at the U. S. Embassy in Chisinau, which the local agency will help to arrange. The purpose of the interview is ensure that participants meet the requirements of the program and is eligible to receive visas. c) Work: Step by Step Prepare: Now what? You’ve been accepted to the Work & Travel USA program; it’s time to prepare for a successful experience. In this section, we’ll talk about important documents and things you’ll need to do before leaving your home country.You’ll need to plan your transportation and housing, pack your luggage, and more! Important Documents You must have current and correct documents, or you might not be allowed to enter the U. S. Please make sure that you have all of the important documents explained below. Make at least two photocopies of each document, and leave one copy at home with a parent or friend. Do not pack any of these documents in your checked luggage – take all of them on the plane with you. Your luggage could be lost during your travel, and you may be required to return home if you do not have these documents with you. 1.DS-2019 Form: This form is issued by your legal sponsor, and is provided to you by your representative in your home country. You will need your DS-2019 Form for your J-1 Visa interview at the U. S. Embassy. When you receive your DS-2019 form, please check that your work dates are correct. If they are incorrect, notify your representative immediately and have them corrected. You will also need to present your DS-2019 form to the immigration officer upon entry to the U. S. 2. SEVIS Receipt: You will receive this official receipt along with your DS-2019 Form after your Work & Travel application is successfully processed.You will need to take the SEVIS receipt with you to your emb assy interview. 3. Passport and J-1 Visa: You need a valid passport and a valid J-1 Visa in order to enter the U. S. To get your J-1 Visa, you need to contact the U. S. Embassy in your home country and schedule an interview. It’s possible your representative will help you with this, so be sure to ask them. Your J-1 Visa will note whether it is a single entry or multiple entry visa. If you have an M in your J-1 visa this means you can 4. enter the U. S. multiple times.If you have an S in your J-1 Visa this means that you can only enter the U. S. ONLY one time. 5. I -94 Arrival Card: The I-94 is a critically important document! You will receive this card on your flight to the U. S. and it is required for the Social Security number application. You should ask the U. S. Customs official to staple your I-94 to your passport once you enter the country. If you lose your I-94 card before you applying for a Social Security number you will need to apply for a replacement I-94 card and this will cause significant time delays.During this time you may not be able to work and it’s very possible you will be required to return home early because of these problems. Please take care of your I-94 card! † 6. Customs Declaration Form 6059B: You will receive this card on your flight to the U. S. and must fill it out before going through Customs. 7. Insurance ID/Health & Safety Pocket Guide: This guide contains important information about your travel insurance and serves as your insurance card. Write your DS-2019 number on your insurance card in the space titled ‘Member ID. ’ When you are in the U. S. eep this card with you at all times, since it will be required if you seek medical assistance. Your Health & Safety guide also contains useful health and safety tips. 8. Employment Offer Agreement Form (EOAF): This document is your job agreement with your employer. It indicates the details of your job and the dates you have agreed to work. The immigrati on officer may ask you to present this form upon entry to the U. S. Before you depart for the U. S. There are some important things that you need to do before you depart for the U. S. If you have any questions as you prepare for the program, talk to your representative.If your plans or travel dates change, be sure to let your representative know, as you will not be able to make changes to your DS-2019 and/or program dates once you are in the U. S. Plan your Transportation and Housing Plan your transportation and temporary housing in the U. S. before departing. You should research transportation (buses, trains, and subway systems) from the airport to your job as well as temporary housing (hostels and affordable hotels or motels). Be sure to consider alternate options in case you need to change your plan along the way.Your employer can be a good resource for advice on transportation and housing. Bring Enough Money When you enter the U. S. , it is required that you show proof of funds (at least $800 if you have a job upon entering the U. S. or $1200 if you do not already have a confirmed job) to customs. Only cash, bank statements, and traveler’s checks are accepted as proof of funds. CIEE recommends that you bring more money if possible in case of unexpected problems. You want to make sure that you have extra money to cover all of your expenses before you receive your first paycheck.Contact your Employer Once your travel plans have been finalized, contact your employer in the U. S. Let them know when you will arrive, and make sure the dates on your DS-2019 Form match the dates your employer expects you to work. If any of your plans or travel dates change, be sure to contact your employer. It’s possible that your employer will be willing to meet you at the airport or bus station when you arrive. Share your flight details with them and work out a plan to get to the job. Also, confirm your employer’s phone number(s) in case there are any unexpe cted delays.Finally, your employer is an excellent resource for local information on housing. They might be able to share ideas on what to do and where to stay. Pack your Bags When preparing to depart for the U. S. , make sure to pack all of your important documents as well as a change of clothes and anything else you might need in your carry-on bag, in case your checked luggage is delayed. When packing your bags, note the following: 1. Always check with your airline before you travel about luggage restrictions. 2. Take an extra set of clothes in your carry-on luggage. 3. Make sure you pack your important documents in your carry-on luggage.Pack copies in your checked luggage. 4. All prescription drugs should be clearly marked and accompanied by a prescription from your doctor. 5. Do not bring articles made from protected species or perishable foods such as cheese, fruit, or nuts. 6. If you bring alcohol, you must be 21 or older. 7. If you carry more than $10,000 you must report this to a customs official. Arrive Welcome to the U. S.! Now what do you do? When you first enter the U. S. it is a good idea to contact your employer, during regular business hours, to let them know you have arrived and are traveling to your job.If your plane arrives late and you will not arrive as scheduled at your job, notify your employer of your new time. And don’t forget to call your parents or relatives back home so they know you have safely arrived in the U. S. Immigration and Customs When you enter the U. S. , it is important that you cooperate fully with the Customs Official and answer all of their questions clearly and respectfully. The Officer may ask you some general questions about your visit, program, and the place where you will stay. You should be prepared to present U. S.Customs Officials with all of your relevant travel documentation. They will ask you many questions related to the information you have provided on your I-94 Arrival Card and Customs Declaration Form (Form 6059B), as well as about the nature of your citizenship, your trip, and any unusual items you are bringing into the U. S. Expect to have your baggage opened for examination, and make sure that you have declared any non travel-related goods that you have with you. Collect Your Bags After passing through Immigration and Customs, follow signs to the baggage claim area.To find the correct carousel, check the display board for your flight number. If you waited a long time at Customs, your bags may have already passed through and been placed on the floor of the baggage area. If your luggage is lost or delayed, go to the airline desk at the airport and file a lost luggage report. If you know where you will be staying in the U. S. , give this address; if you don’t know where you will be staying, provide your employer’s address so your bags can be delivered there. Housing Do your best to find housing long before your arrival in the U. S.In many cases, your employer m ay have recommendations for short- or long-term housing near your workplace. If you are beginning the search on your own, use the resources below. Most importantly, don’t arrive in the U. S. without any pre-arranged housing. For the first few nights in the U. S. you may need short-term housing. Hostels, affordable motels, or universities and colleges are good options. It’s even better if you can travel and share expenses with other Work & Travel USA students. Make reservations ahead of time to make sure you have a bed or room when you arrive.When planning your long term-housing, consider living with other Work & Travel students – this is a great way to make new friends and save money. Also consider whether or not the housing is furnished, includes utilities, and whether it is close to work or is close to public transportation, as these can all affect your monthly costs. Rent, Sublet, or Share? When you start looking for a place to live, you will find apartments that are available to rent, sublet, or share. 1. Rent When you rent an apartment you sign a lease, or contract, with a landlord.Pay close attention to the lease agreement, as there may be penalties for breaking the contract. For example, if you lease an apartment for four months but decide to leave after two months, there may be a financial penalty in addition to your rent. 2. Sublet A sublet is an apartment or room rented by the owner or leaseholder to another person. Finding a sublet is a good option because it gives you flexibility similar to a month-to-month lease. 3. Share If you share an apartment you will pay a portion of the rent and common apartment expenses. This can be easier than looking for a place yourself.If you decide to share an apartment, make sure to meet your possible roommate to get a feel for the situation. Your first instinct is always your best, and you should not accept a situation that you don’t feel comfortable with. Eviction â€Å"Eviction† means being removed from your housing, and there are many reasons your landlord can do this, including: not paying rent on time, making too much noise, or damaging property. If you are evicted from your housing, you should get an eviction notice and be given a deadline to leave the housing. Do not let eviction happen to you! Be respectful of your living situation.This means paying the rent on time, taking care of your property, and following all of the rules in your lease or living agreement. If you have any concerns, talk to your landlord or the person responsible. Work Work & Travel USA is an opportunity not only to explore the U. S. , but also to earn money, make new friends, practice English, and experience what it’s really like to be part of a new culture. But first, you need to find a job and understand how to get started. Check out this section to learn about everything from getting a job, to Social Security, to income taxes.I don’t have a job yet†¦ If you traveled to the U. S. without a job, you will need to find one as soon as possible. For suggestions and resources to help you find a job while in the United States, please visit the Find a Job section. The list of all work places is very big. You can find all kinds of jobs, and every can be very interesting and well-paid. As compared with salary in Moldova, in the U. S. jobs are paid much well then in Moldova, and that salary is enough for staying there for a long time. List of jobs is varied: Amusement pack worker; Barmen; Cashier;Casino host; Builder; Cook or cook assistant; Customer service; Dish washer; Maid; Janitor; Painter; Wood worker; Car painter or Body shop worker; Waiter; How we can see jobs are simple, but they are taking a lot of time and force. I want to find a second job! This is a great idea. Many Work & Travel USA students get second jobs while they’re in the United States. There are some simple and important reminders that you should be aware of. Your prima ry job is your first responsibility. It is important that your second job does not interfere with your primary job.Make sure you let your manager know if you are looking for a second job. Salary Check with your employer to learn how often you will be paid. Most students get paid weekly or every other week. Typically you will receive a paycheck that you deposit into your bank account. Some employers may offer the option of direct deposit, which means that your salary will be deposited directly into your account. In either case, your employer will give you a salary statement, paystub, or pay slip, which will show the hours you worked and the amount you were paid.It will also contain information about the taxes and other deductions taken out of your paycheck. Depending on your agreement with your employer, you might also have uniform, housing, union membership dues, or other work-related items deducted from your salary. After you receive your first paycheck, review it to ensure there a re no errors. If you have questions about your paycheck, speak with your employer. Remember that you do not pay Social Security and Medicare taxes – if these were deducted in error, speak with your employer. Minimum Wage There is a minimum wage that employers in the U.S. are required to pay. Please note that the wage for some positions earning tips (for example waiter or waitress) may be less than the minimum wage. Overtime At times, there may be opportunities to work additional hours. As a new employee, it is a good idea to accept these overtime hours when possible. Many companies will pay you one-and-a-half times more than the normal wage rate for extra hours. Ask your employer for company overtime policies. Travel If you intend to travel at the end of your Work & Travel USA program, you are free to explore the U.S. for the period of time indicated on your Confirmation of Insurance document. However, when you have approved time off from work during your DS-2019 dates, you a re able to travel. Be sure to talk with your manager about the possibility of taking time off from work for travel. You should always ask for days off at least a week in advance. Depending on the agreement you signed with your representative, you may also have a Travel Period following your official work dates, during which your program insurance coverage remains in place.Your overall Program Dates are those stated on your Confirmation of Insurance Coverage document that you received with your DS-2019, and include both the work period and Travel Period. If you did not sign up for a Travel Period when applying for the program, it is not possible to add this once you are in the U. S. d) Goals. Why students are going to America? Every student has his own goal. Some of them want just to travel, some want to verify their language knowledge and to use it in, some want to buy there the newest gadgets, because they are cheaper in the U. S.Also, what these people want, whatever they just hav e fun, earn experience, find new friends†¦ But sponsors also have some goals too. They’ve written this one: The goals of the Work & Travel program are to: 1. Facilitate peace, tolerance and understanding through international exchange, global adventure and intercultural interaction. 2. Provide an opportunity for young people from around the world to challenge themselves through learning to work, grow and live in another country and culture. 3. Enable young people an affordable option to participate in a quality summer work & travel program. ) Problems with the program. For some one Work and Travel is a profit, for others-it’s a fear. There are a lot of firms-phantoms that take the money and do nothing. In advertisings is written that â€Å"You can travel all U. S. only for 200$†, in other –â€Å"only for 600$†. Is it true? Is it possible to earn more then you give and also make an adventure? No! One of the owners of Work and Travel said that m aximum you need to pay 2300 or 2600 $. It is the bill for some of the verifications. That is some of the tariffs that you need to pay for the program: 1065 $-only to find a job in U.S. A. ,to issue a contract of employment, health insurance,  for a letter of recommendation  to  get a  social security number, ID card Intrax (such as  identity cards), form  DS27  19 (on the basis  of which  offer  a visa), payment  service,  charged by the  United States  from all  participants in the program; 100 $ –  for the services  of the company; 131  $-  for the visa, this amount is paid to  the Embassy;   about 700  $ –  the price  of a plane ticket. In total,  the student  must  pay about 2000 $  for  short-term employment contract  in America.Another problem-every 3-d student doesn’t return home in time of vise. In 2007 the  U. S. Embassy  issued  visa  for more than 5000  students  for the program à ¢â‚¬Å"Summer Work and Travel†. Despite the fact  that one of the  conditions for participation  in the program is  to return  in Moldova on  September 17  , but about 20% of students who left  in summer  2007  in the U. S. ,  did not return  home, and  more than 40%  returned after  the deadline for  the return of  the lectures. Almost all  the rest  stayed  in the U. S. longer than  specified  in the visa  period.Ambassador  of Moldova  in the United States, Nicolae  Chirtoaca, said: â€Å"During the summer period  in the practice  of frequent  reception of the Embassy  included  notices  from prison,  reporting  on cases of  detention and arrest of our students  who come  for seasonal work. One of the reasons  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the excess  specified in the visa  period of stay  in the U. S. illegally, or  change of employment  not specified  in the contract. â€Å"There are  also cases where t he  Moldovan  students  were detained  in the U. S. for petty theft  in large  stores. There are a lot of more scary problems!When you came in USA- you don’t know anybody, you don’t know where you are, how and what to do: you are alone in strange side. When you come in the USA your job offer can cast you, and then you are left there without money, food, house, you don’t know the city, you can lost there without anything, without hope. But there are big advantages! One of them that you quickly become independent, because there is no one who will do your work, you will depend only on you. You are living alone; you must do your work only by yourself. And at last you earn money, which you can spend for travelling or some things that you want.Another advantage is that you learn more about the US culture, life, habitats, and holydays. But there is a big unhappy aspect-you can use Work and Travel program only 2 times, and when you get visa second time, the workers of the firm warn you that it is your last time of using Work ant Travel program. Looking at all aspects, problems and spending, would we use the Work and Travel program? It’s difficult question that needs reasonable answer. If you want to see new places, if you want to improve your spoken English, if you want to learn some thing new and if you strong enough to be alone-you will use this program.We know that there are a lot of people, who use W&T program. I’ve spoken with one some and that is what he tells me: His telling about first operations at his place with his documents: Today has set the seals to summer session and at once has gone, has handed over the student's record-book in Pegas. Like as tonight my documents should go already on DS-form reception. Somewhere in the middle of March means I will go to consulate†¦ It is as usual quiet as a boa. Still today has received one more JobOffer (yes-yes, here such in life not justice, at someone it isn't pre sent absolutely, and at someone it is some).From May, 4th till September, 4th the boss has sent such approximate accounting: MAY: $1650. 00 June: $2095. 00 July: $2285. 00 August: $2805. 00 September $375. 00 (this could be more if I were to extend your employment) Total: $9210. 00 The total amount looks anything so, quite. Especially considering that meal and habitation there the free†¦ Here now it was puzzled, it is necessary to count up, how many I will earn if I go simply in SF for example and I search there for work, I find, I live and take somewhere meal†¦ Nevertheless the variant with CA is pleasant to me more so it is necessary to weigh all PRO AND CONTRA†¦Then he told me about the process in the embassy: On an input the passport you give, write down in magazine. You pass through the metal detector. You go on the 4th floor. There too you submit the passport, you pass through framework. You pass in a waiting room small with chairs further and there behind parti tions two windows where consuls sit as in exchange cash desk for armor glasses. At the left the woman, on the right the man†¦ The man very long asks all and from its party constantly a laughter is audible†¦ The woman works quickly on the contrary. -Hello -Hello Please put your student’s book. What is your speciality? -Computer science in economy -Why do you want to go to the U. S. A? -I like travelling†¦. -Did you travel before? -Yes, I was in Britain last summer – For work there went? (The sense was that, asked again type Sorry? ) -I was on English courses and†¦.. -? -With student visa in Britain I can work only 20 hours, so I work 20 hours. – Put the left finger for scanning. Now the right. Thanks. As whom you will work in states? (Has besides asked again) -I will work on mobile concession unit†¦ food concession†¦ What concession? -Food†¦ selling food. – Type and what to sell that you will be? -Hot dogs, pop corn†¦ -Do you like hot dogs? -Yeeeeees! -Ok. Your visa approved. -Thank you. Bye. All dialogue has occupied on can minute-two†¦ Very quickly all†¦ When There is there that already on the automatic machine ask again Sorry? If It is hardly not clear In life the most important thing is sincerity – learn it to represent and the success is provided. Then he gave me some posts from his blog, which he was writing in the U. S. A: 1)Has once again understood, how badly I know English.Has come on mail and here has understood that I vaguely represent how to tell a phrase â€Å"I should receive a parcel (but hasn't received)†. Certainly I could explain it and me have understood even from the first†¦ But probably impression I make the real guest worker (as in the Russian Federation different Asians). His opinion about disadvantages of W&T if you want to practice your English: Gathered to America†¦ Thought (has been assured): what big city, I want in small American à ¢â‚¬Å"village†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ And that there was no Russian for they and in the Russian Federation suffice me†¦Thought I will speak only in an English, to work with Americans and so on†¦ Well also what? Than all it has ended? I live in almost million city which is considered most â€Å"European†, in Russian area, removing habitation at Russian-speaking, my neighbour about the room – Russian-speaking, my flat mates – Russian-speaking, on work at me ALL Russian-speaking†¦ And in addition I write in the blog in Russian and I go to read Russian news and forums†¦ And also his opinion about the USA and the UK: Here 3,5 months I in America (well hardly it is more).Exactly so much I have stayed in last year in Britain. Also that I have noticed†¦ Those 3,5 months in Britain I remember almost every day, all the summer long was one cool adventure. I remember as have arrived, as went to college as searched for work as went on it as we went to Oxford a nd Cambridge as somewhere went†¦ all that was then. Even work is there was an adventure part, a part of knowledge of Britain†¦ 3,5 months in America†¦ Well how to tell†¦ I remember the first 3 days after an arrival, and continuous gray everyday life all rest, routine†¦There are some fascinating moments (which are remembered when you re-read this diary), but also those as though in a fog†¦ That is simply stupid working day after day and any adventures and romanticism. As-it it is not correct†¦ 4. Conclusion. Looking at all aspects, problems and spending, would we use the Work and Travel program? It’s a difficult question that needs a reasonable answer. If you want to see new places, if you want to improve your spoken English, if you want to learn some thing new and if you strong enough to be alone-you will use this program.Work & Travel USA program gives you a chance to be much more than a tourist! Experience life in the U. S. by working side -by-side with locals. It’s a real American experience that also helps to cover travel expenses! Dialogue with the friend who is in the USA. -Hello, Friend! -Hi! -How are you? I know hat you're in the USA. Is it true? -Yes, I'm in the USA! -What are you doing there? How do you get there? -I've get here with help of the W program, and this program had helped me to find work. -Where are you working? -I'm working in a very beautiful restaurant And how is going? -It's a hard job. Very hard. I went through humiliation, because I'm not from America. -It's very sad. -First time it was very hard. I didn't know this city, I didn't know anyone. Every thing was foreign for me. But I found a good place to live. I found Russian speaking people. I found new friends. -And how are you now? -I'm fine. I have heavy but well paid job, I have new friends, I've learnt a lot of new things about the USA. -Wow! You've learnt so much thing being in the USA! How do you think should I try this program? I think that this will give you a good life experience, a new knowledge about this country and about people who live there! Try it! You may go to the one of offices of W&T program and they will give you all the information you need. It’s a real American experience that also helps to cover travel expenses! Bye. 5. Sources. Sites: 1. moldova. usembassy. gov 2. migratie. md 3. en. wikipedia. org 4. myworkandtravel. com. ua 5. simplex. dp. ua 6. workandtravel. su 6. Supplements. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]

Bernadine Healy

There is a sea of difference in being a leader and manager of an organization. Each one of the two persona can fit in a type of organization. But in the case of the Red Cross in the US,public interest, administrative responsibility and some of the recent ethical obligations confronting public administrators in their day to day decision making. Also examine the recent trend in privatizing government functions and appeared to have not fit at all occupying the presidency.She was a victim of the position not for becoming a tough, passionate, too-driven leader, but for not coming a manager of the international Red Cross that is largely resistant to change. It has been said that managers â€Å"do things right† while leaders, on the other hand, â€Å"do the right things†. Managers are concerned primarily with managing things. Leaders, on the other hand, are show concern for leading people.Dr. Healy’s short stint in the Red Cross showed that she was more than a leader th an a manager of the gargantuan relief service organization, whose organizational grandeur, financial resources and manpower are greater than the Philippine military establishment. In fact, she was described as â€Å"a tough professional who ruffled feathers but made things happen† and â€Å"a change agent for a culture resistant to change†.But amidst controversies generated from her tough program thrusts, changes and innovations and her strong leadership in the international Red Cross, she had to cave in to pressures even as the powerful board of governors had decided to fire her out. It came to pass that the Red Cross Red is after all a conservative, non transparent organizations with heavy decentralization down in its hierarchy, with people and chapters enmeshed in turf wars and to some extent rocked with financial anomalies and a blood business that has to be rectified. It was described to have a militaristic management and a politburo-like board of governors.Dr. He aly, who came in too passionate like a savior knight in shining armor, failed these to understand. Moreover, empathy as a vital organizational trait of a leader – as espoused by US Army logistics officer William Pagonis- was evidently lacking in the upmanship and leadership of Dr. Healy. In her rush to institute dramatic changes in the international Red Cross in the wake of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing she failed to factor in the use of empathy in drawing out support of Red Cross organizations under her leadership. As she was already hounded by criticisms right even in Red Cross board of governors, unlike Pagonis, Dr.Healy failed to build up team work and design a communication structure that could complement the Red Cross chain of command, the reason why her good intents and passions were misunderstood. She failed to approach Red Cross by managing than by leading, and to pursue a long-haul of transformation process. It worth to ponder that change requires time and pro cesses. In John Kotter’s Transformation Process in his book â€Å"Change or Die†, it takes many processes to transform men and in effect the organization, and many things have to be recognized and to make and unmake. On various areas where Dr.Healy was brought down particularly in her evident over zeal to make Red Cross perform and take novel pursuits with least shoring up of empathy to the men and women across and down the line of the organization, Kotter’s organizational processes are given much rationale*. Changing the behavior of people is the most important challenge for organizations trying to compete in a turbulent world, says John Kotter, a Harvard Business School professor who has studied dozens of organizations in the midst of upheaval: â€Å"The central issue is never strategy, structure, culture, or systems.The core of the matter is always about changing the behavior of people. Those people may be called upon to respond to profound upheavals in mark etplace dynamics — the rise of a new global competitor, say, or a shift from a regulated to a deregulated environment — or to a corporate reorganization, merger, or entry into a new business. And as individuals, we may want to change our own styles of work — how we mentor subordinates, for example, or how we react to criticism. Yet more often than not, we can’t. † In relevance to ours, the Philippine Army has to â€Å"Change or Die† if wanted to survive in the high-technological, constantly changing times.There have been more critiques leveled to the Philippine military in its organizational mission, efficacy and those relating organizational stresses and dysfunctions. The current thrusts and posturing of the country’s military for transformation have still a long way to go in so far as hurdling and taking tasks along the generalist processes spelled out. And let it be said now that changing the behavior of men and officers towards a m ission an ever-changing times is a daunting task of the Philippine Army.

A Rose for Emily: the Metaphor Like the Fallen Monument Essay

Emily Grierson is described as small and fat elderly women. She seems to be angry and confused. She’s always been a lonely person, she never went outside much. She is a very mysterious character. Colonel Sartorisis the former Mayor of Jefferson. His is very generous because after Emily’s father died he does not force her to pay taxes. Tobe is Emily’s servant. He is African American, his voice is rusty for the lack of use. For years he took care of her and her needs. After Emily dies, He leaves and never returns. Judge Stevens is the Mayor of Jefferson. He feels bad for Emily, and he does not nother her with the complaints. He just sprinkles lime on her yard at night. Homer Barron was known as a funny man in the town, He helped with the construction. The townspeople said he was not a man to marry, but he took Emily out on buggy rides on Sunday Afternoons. He is killed by Emily. Part two: 1. The metaphor used in the first paragraph to describe Miss Emily is â€Å"A fallen monument.† 2. The house is personified in the second paragraph by when the author describes it as coquettish. 3. In 1894, Colonel Sartoris told Miss Emily that she did not have to pay taxes because her father had given money to the town. 4. On the next year the new generation of town leaders mailed her tax bills. 5. In the sixth paragraph, Faulkner describes Emily has a short, fat elderly woman with a cane. He describes her as bloated and pale with coals as eyes. 6. At the beginning of Part two, Emily’s father had been dead for about 30 years. 7. The neighbors are complaining about a gruesome odor. Judge Stevens said its probably from a rat or snake her servant killed. 8. Miss Emily told her visitors after the day her father died, that he was still alive. 9. Homer Barron started to date Miss Emily. He was in town for construction. 10. The townspeople thought she was going out of her class dating Homer, but in a way they were happy to see her with someone. 11. Miss Emily purchased a silver toilet with his initials on it and a night gown to convince the townspeople they were getting married. 12. The last tie the townspeople saw Homer Barron was when he is seen entering her house on evening. 13. The men had sprinkled lime around her yard in part two because they intended to get rid of the odor and thought the acids would help if there was something decaying in the yard. 14. In the sealed room that no one has been in forty years, the townspeople find Homer Barron’s decomposing body and the room is frozen in time. 15. Miss Emily poisoned Homer Barron with Arsenic that she bought to â€Å"kill rats.† I believe the author decided to leave a second pillow with a strand of Emily’s hair on it to leave the reader thinking about how the hair got there.

Not sure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Not sure - Essay Example Almost all organizations conduct an interview before recruiting employees to determine the candidates who are most competent to fit for the vacant position (Townsend 2007, p. 87). Managers use a first interview (screening), an interview conducted either via the phone call or at the office of the employer (Eung 2011, p. 56). This type of interview is brief and usually lasts for 40-60 minutes. During this interview, the interviewing managers will mainly want to know the candidate’s skills and experiences. Most interviewing managers make use of the screening interviews to describe organizational operations as well as the position (Seidman 2006, p. 34). If the managers are impressed by the candidate’s performance at this first interview, they invite the candidate for a second interview. The second interviews are usually longer compared to the first one and may take three hours or even a whole day. This interview involves a variety of interview questions, which are in form of testing. They also involve lunch or dinner, taking the interviewees out for a tour, as well as conducting a series of interviews to different candidates (Macan 2009, p. 14). The purpose of this interview is to make the interviewees to come out with full understanding of the organizational structure, culture, working environment, responsibilities of the job they are applying for, and gain enough know how to decide whether to take the job. Interviewers should choose the form of interviewing that they feel would be most effective. Behavioral interviewing also known as competence interviewing is the most effective form of interviewing used in most organizations. This type of interview requires the interviewee to draw about their experiences and give specific examples that demonstrates his or her competence in the applied post (Sund, Carin & Carin 2008, p. 33). This type of interviewing is more effective than unstructured interviewing in

Synopsis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Synopsis - Assignment Example Stokes contends that, when Soviet President Leonid Brezhnev and his counterparts in other communist countries in the European east decided to crush down the movement and use force to do it, they signed and sealed a death warrant of the system they thought they were saving. Prague Spring lasted from January 1968 till August of the same year, when Warsaw Pact invaded Czechoslovakia and forcefully stopped reforms. Although short in duration Prague Spring echoed throughout eastern Europe and in the next two decades there will be other movements and attempts to change the system. Stokes talks about events in Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania in the late 1970’s, he gives a lot of space in the book to Poland’s Solidarity Movement in the 1980’s , all of which culminate in 1989. The events in Poland according to the author show resilience of reformists. There, the workers struck again and again as an effort to force the government to negotiate with them. Solidarity was the cu lmination of those attempts. Stokes writes that Lech Walesa, the leader of the movement skillfully led it as he tried to keep demands outside of ideological and political sphere. This strategy paid off as Warsaw was forced to recognize the movement and its demands. Stokes belief is that 1989 is as important in European history, as 1848, or 1917 or 1789 were. He is surprised that the whole world missed an opportunity to se 1989 revolutions in Eastern Europe coming. Stokes says that this pivotal year in history was unexpected by everyone, from Washington through Communist regimes, to even rebels themselves. Stokes, also, explores historical figures of the era and area. He talks about Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu and his self-glorification, about changes occurring in Hungary when country officials decided to turn toward market-based economy. When talking about Polish President Gierek, Czech Vaclav Havel or

Was the Paris Peace Conference a failure or a success Essay

Was the Paris Peace Conference a failure or a success - Essay Example There were a number of provisions in the treaty the most controversial and important one was that Germany accepts the full responsibility for the cause of World War 1. It levied heavy economical impositions ($31.4 billion) that took a number of years to pay up. Hence, this led Germany unsatisfied. Though financially weak it was not morally weakened. Therefore the treaty failed to subdue Germany in the right manner so that it later took a hostile step bringing much havoc in the world. 2 The Big Four Delegates from 32 different countries met at the Paris Peace Conference; however, four people took active participation in the drawing of treaties and were known as the Big Four. The members of the Big Four were David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of The United Kindom Georges Clemenceau - Prime Minister of France. Woodrow Wilson - President of the United States of America and Vittorio Orlando, Prime minister of Italy. The defeated countries suffered the conclusions of their talks. Wilson wo rked hard to have his Fourteen Points included in the league. He was specifically concerned about the League of Nations.

Lesson I had learned in my life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson I had learned in my life - Essay Example Consequently, I was aware of the fact that having a positive attitude in life was more important than what had happened to me in the past in terms of social life, education, money and other aspects of life that affected me directly. Moreover, I had learnt that it was not easy neither practical to control and / or change the actions of people on diverse settings in life. In respect to this, I had to understand what I needed in life and my purpose of being in the world. Most of the times, my mind was tempted to think that my main course in this world was to have a good education, a well-paying job, get married, and live happily there afterwards. True to this, I had to act on my attitude by building a life that was successful and full of happiness. As such, I had ought to improve my attitude towards myself and towards life every other day and ensure that my entire life was surrounded by positive attitudes despite situation that tended to bring up negativity. With time, I anticipated that the sum of these positive moments would assist me build a life that was successful. Just like a philosopher once said that a long journey begins with a single step, I was willing to turn the tables around just for my sake. I was quite conversant with my past life that was made up of numerous wrongs that had culminated to regrets and regrets. Nevertheless, I refused the past to determine my future, because if that happened I would be subjected to my previous attitude that would have likely led me nowhere in life, but rather made me an individual of circumstances. In the same way, I would be compelled to think that I was in control of what other people did in life, particularly towards me, which was not the case. In a general sense, my lesson was clear. My life had no limits and I was at liberty of living it as I pleased. By this, I meant that, I had let my past go and thus had no regrets

Taxes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Taxes - Assignment Example The revenues collected through a progressive tax regime can be utilized to strengthen the public healthcare system. As it stands, the United States has more than 50 million citizens without health insurance. This is a shocking statistic, for with only a fraction of the yearly military budget, health access and healthcare outcomes in the country could be improved multifold. In a similar vein, channeling a portion of corporate revenues toward strengthening our healthcare system will pay rich social dividends. Much of the criticism directed at welfare programs like Medicaid, Medicare and social security are misplaced. Existing welfare programs are a godsend for those Americans belonging to the lowest strata of American society. They should not be criticized for being a drain on the economy. To the contrary, it is corporations which owns substantial resources and yet acts without social or environmental responsibility. It is only fair that corporations are taxed more as reparation for the damage they chronically cause to society and

Juvenile Delinquency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Juvenile Delinquency - Essay Example Those who will walk in the company of wise will continually be wiser unlike those who seek the counsel of fools. It records that those who seek the latter counsels subsequently suffers from unnecessary harm and afflictions. However, the counsel of just friends only brings happiness, success and blessings to a young man’s life. The book instructs stern warnings against youths who befriend individuals with unjust lifestyles. It advices that youth should not seek heed of the enticements of sinners who persuasively desires to recruit them to immoral and unaccepted actions. Young men are advised to relate wisely with charming women. They should avoid of wicked women who may lead them to a regrettable life. Such women should not entice or control them. Parents should at all times appeal and remind their sons of the instructions of the book of proverbs. They should faithfully teach their children the just ways of God even to be faithful to it. That their sons will not ignore these proverbs counsels in their youths lifestyle. As their children approach their youth’s life, they become independent in their decisions. It’s therefore the Wright counsel that will help them make acceptable decisions and escape the wrath of sin. Parents should therefore instill these instructions to their teenagers at all times even if they tend to rebel. The father should strive to ensure that his son does not give into the control of erroneous mentality of a youthful age. He urges his son to follow the ways of God at all times and avoid the misery of falling in the hands of adulterous women and crime. The path of the son has to be straight as this will deliver him from perversity of evil and walking in darkness. A father should at all times speak of the future life to his son. He must not tell his son of the days of his youth but rather the coming days of his son’s youth. The son will be in a better position and the upright mind to decide correctly

Dr Martin Luther Kings I have a Dream Speech Assignment

Dr Martin Luther Kings I have a Dream Speech - Assignment Example It seeks to redeem the promise for the Negroes of America to also equally enjoy the â€Å"riches of freedom and the security of justice†. The speech became very effective that it became one of the greatest speech of all time because it effectively used the rhetorical devices of pathos, ethos and logos. The speech began by agitating the audience through the use of ethos or emotion by first mentioning the broken promise of the Emancipation Proclamation which should have freed the Negro slaves and yet the Negro is still enslaved. They are still being discriminated against not only in the buses and restaurants but also in opportunities which America had promised to give everybody an equal access. He elaborated the plight of the Negro as he languished in poverty and misery which his audience could relate. Further, he fanned this flamed emotion (ethos) by appealing to their desires to be free and equal by the speech’s main theme of his dream which is also the dream of every Negro. As Dr Martin Luther King enunciates his dream, he called for restraint and unity as they struggle for equality with everybody. This sobriet y despite mass support reinforced his ethos or integrity of character. He could have called for a revolution and with his popularity, his supporters and people would have heeded. But Reverend King chose to protest and air his grievance peacefully. It has to be remembered that Luther King is a Pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Being such, Dr King is highly respected and embodied the ethos of his speech. His speech, while it calls for activism when he mentioned â€Å"now is the time† supports the loftiness of his character as he pursue that dream of his saying â€Å"I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places plains and the crooked places will be made straight, and before the Lord will be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together†.  The Logos or the logic of the speech is undeniable.  

Nature of Health Service Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nature of Health Service Management - Essay Example It was founded to serve three major purposes: to offer uniform healthcare in all parts of the UK; provide free health services to all citizens without discrimination based on medical requirements; and lastly, to offer all-inclusive services covering medical needs. The name NHS refers to three of the four state financed healthcare systems in the UK including the English NHS, NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland (HSC). The NHS offers all-inclusive health services to all basic and community healthcare, intermediate care and hospital-based care, and provides information services, as well as helping individuals in relation to health promotion, disease prevention, self-care, rehabilitation and after-care (NHS, 2010). The current NHS boasts of a new constitution mandate of the government in enhancing NHS accountability in the provision of a comprehensive health service out of national taxation and support (DH, 2010. P.4). The NHS is under Department of Hea lth that is headed by the secretary of state for health who answers to the prime minister, which also runs England’s 10 Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs) - which manage all NHS activities in England, with each SHA supervising all the NHS trusts in its jurisdiction (NHS, 2010).   ... The trusts include structural facilities and other facilities such as medical evacuation services, ambulance services, and consultation services. There are various NHS trusts and authorities overseeing running of NHS, which include acute trusts, primary care trusts, ambulance trusts, care trusts, mental health trusts, foundation trusts, strategic health authorities, and special health authorities. Primary care trusts (PCTs) provide health and social care services for general health needs of local communities. Generally, there are about 151 PCTs in England, controlling 80% of NHS budget (NHS, 2010). Acute trusts oversee running of hospitals, ensuring hospitals offer good health services and meet financial obligations. Ambulance trusts offer emergency link to healthcare through ambulance services. Basically, there are 12 ambulance services in England dealing with emergencies that are categorized into category A emergencies that are life-threatening condition and category B or C emergen cies that are not life threatening (NHS, 2010). On the other hand, care trusts are institutions that offer both health and social care services, and currently, there are very few. Mental health trusts offer health and social care services to patients with mental health problems through primary care or specialist care. Moreover, strategic health authorities oversee management of local NHS on behalf of the secretary of state, and they were formed by government in 2002 (NHS, 2010). Lastly, special health authorities are national institution offering health services to entire country and are not restricted to a local community. The NHS is managed by health

Elements of Dance Essay Example for Free

Elements of Dance Essay After reading the handout about tribal dances and ceremonies, I learned a lot of interesting things I never knew before. I guess the fact that I havent taken a dance class ever before and wasnt taught too much about dance in grammar school or high school, I was ignorant to how important and how influential ritual dances are within a society. Dancing is an activity that can be dated as far back as the Stone Age, when people first existed on this planet. Not only that, ritual dances can be found in almost every culture today. In some areas of the world, dancing is a way of life. It can be used for a variety of reasons such as; Fertility rituals, Initiation rituals, Rituals of the Hunt and Animals, Healing and funeral rituals, and War and Weapon rituals. Rituals are traditional clusters of actions. They are performed for the most part to cast magical spells and to influence gods and spirits. Rituals are also passed down from generation to generation. The ritual dance that my group performed last Tuesday in class was titled War and Peace. It started off violent with an intense fight scene and ended with everyone being brought back to life and coming together with the linkage our hands, representing peace. With everything going on in the world right now, we thought it was an appropriate ritual dance to do because the point of it was to show how we must not kill each other. We must come together, figure out our differences and make peace. This ritual would be considered a specific ritual, which has a specific one-time purpose. The purpose obviously being the end of the terrorism thats going on and the prevention of a war. The other type of ritual the handout talks about is a cyclical. A cyclical is repeated each year or season. An example of this would be a rain dance that a tribe might do during a dry season when their crops need water. It seemed to me that the other two ritual dances did in class were probably cyclicals. They seemed as though they were dances that could be used over and over again as opposed to our ritual that had a one-time purpose. Another interesting fact I found out while reading was how sound plays such a crucial role in a ritual dance. It said that the drummer is the main music maker, and it is thought that the gods are spoken to, through drums. Since we practiced our ritual dances in class without a drumbeat, it was a real drastic change when Dave provided a beat for our final dance, making it much easier to keep a rhythm. Another important topic talked about in the article that had to do with our dance in class was Sexual roles. It said that men usually have the roles in a ritual dance dealing with war and the womens role most often deal with the caring for the bodies of the dead. This was also true for our dance we performed in class. Me and Mike started of the ritual dance with a fight symbolizing war, and the dance ended with one of the girls from our group bringing us back to life. In conclusion of this paper, I would like to say that I actually am glad we were assigned our ritual dance, I had fun. Now that I have finished this paper, I have a better understanding of what ritual dance really is.

Flexible working time and work life balance

Flexible working time and work life balance The male breadwinner model, which puts an emphasis on the household as the womans sphere and the workplace as the mans sphere, no longer defines how most families divide labor between men and women (Crompton 2006). The increased participation of women in the labor market, along with technological change and globalization, have dramatically changed the structure of the labor market, and have most likely changed how workers balance their life between work and family. (copy) Good as well: flexible working practices brought upon by an increasing need for work-life balance which have been largely if not wholly due to external forces that are beyond the control of organisations. However, all organisations operate and seek to support in the environments that are continuously subjected to change. These changes can have a marked effect on an organisation, its performance, even its survival. Meanwhile, time after time, organisations react to the drivers of change by taking short-term or knee jerk decisions that predictably have an effect on the way work is organised. What is work life balance? Work life balance is employment based on emergent new values, which doesnt discriminate against those with caring or other non- work responsibilities, and which provides an opportunity for people to realize their full potential in work and non work domains. Lewis (1996:1) According to a recent study by Georgetown University, employee stress from trying to find time for their children correlates with decreased productivity and increased absenteeism. The study found that unplanned absences were costing some businesses nearly $1 million a year. Thus, HR specialists are trying in many attempts to help employees reach work-life balance by introducing new working strategies. One of these strategies is flexible working time. Flexible scheduling allows employees to adjust the time or place their work as completed. It can mean compressing 40 hours into four days, starting and ending workdays at different times, or doing some of your work at home. The reason may be as simple as wanting to better manage a long commute. Some parents choose to arrive at work later so they can take their children to school. Some companies may offer these options to retain female employees who might consider leaving their jobs after having children. But is it really that flexible time always helps to achieve work-life balance? Does employee prefer to manage his/her time or like to be committed to a specified timing because he/she may not be able to manage time, which leads to a more mess and imbalance? And which of these two options will increase the p roductivity? This research brings together material from diverse sources to provide an overview of recent research, current thinking and future debates on the key work-life policy issues, especially those which affect organizations in Bahrain. To build an informed policy debate on work-life balance issues in Bahrain, more Bahraini based research is essential. Chapter Two Literature review: 2.1 Work-life balance: The (phrase) Work-Life Balance was originated as a consequence of the Family Friendly Policies that were introduced in the 1970s and 1980s in UK, primarily as a retention tool for women, and since then it has become a widespread concept. With this, they were for women and about women. To avoid the pitfall of being viewed as discriminatory and the need to bring a more, all-inclusive significance into these policies, they were renamed as work-life balance policies. Since the 1970s, the UK Government has introduced several governmental changes to strengthen and to protect the rights of workers. In response to these changes, demands from employees as also from customers who want a larger business window a large number of organizations in the UK, have today introduced varied and innovative Work-life balance policies. The Government continues to play a key role in ensuring that (WLB) continues to gain momentum through legislation, financial incentives and support and promotion of best prac tices (Milburn, 2003). ** DTI (2003) Work and Parents: Competitiveness and Choice Department of Trade and Industry, London. 2.2 What is Work life Balance? Meanwhile, the definition of Work-life balance is about people having a measure of control over when, where and how they work (DTI, 2003). This is achieved when an individuals right to a fulfilled life inside and outside paid work is accepted and respected as the norm, to the mutual benefit of the individual, business and society. work life balance emphasizes on the adjustment of working patterns, and it focuses on the need for everyone, regardless of age, race or gender, to find a pace (that suits them) to help them combine work with other responsibilities or aspirations. Work-Life Balance has an important underlying implication that Work-Life Balance is for everyone, not just for mothers or families and is critical in not just developing policies but also in reviewing them and their impact on employees (Alexandra, 2003), thats why the idea that employers should enhance flexibility has been promoted recently. Within the UK, The Prime Minister Tony Blair launched the Work-Life Balance campaign, in March 2000. The aim of the campaign was in two-fold. First, to convince employers of the economic benefits of work-life balance (this was done by the employment of real-life case studies). Secondly, to convince employers of the need for change (DTI, 2003). Work-life concerns are simply added to an organizations bundle of practices that are designed to benefit competitive strategy to aid attraction and retention in tight labor markets, reduce high levels of absenteeism, and establish long-term relationships with employees based on commitment and productivity. 2.3 The need for a work-life balance As individuals, are all expected to play multiple roles, i.e. employee, boss, spouse, parent, child, sibling, friend, and community member. In turn, each of these roles imposes demands on us that necessitate time, energy and commitment to fulfill. The conflict of work-family or work-life happens when the cumulative demands of these many work and non-work life roles are miss-assorted in some respect so that participation in one role is made more difficult by participation in the other role (Duxbry and Higgins, 2001). Duxbry and Higgins conceptualize work-life conflict to include areas such as, role overload (RO) (having too much to do and too little time to do it in) as well as role interference (when incompatible demands make it difficult, if not impossible, for employees to perform all their roles well). Additionally, role interference can be divided into two factors: family to work interference (FTW) and work to family interference (WTF). With the first case, interference occurs when the roles and responsibilities of the family hinder the work related responsibilities (i.e., a family illness prevents attendance at work; conflict at home makes concentration at work difficult). With the latter case (WTF) interference occurs when work demands make it harder for an employee to fulfill their family responsibilities. 2.4 Background to Flexible Working Rights In April 2003 employees in the UK were first given the right to request flexible working. In the modern work environment, the introduction of these new rights helped to point up that traditional working patterns could no longer be sustained by employers and that there was a need to address the work/life balance. Organizations already facing skills shortages would find recruitment and indeed retention made harder if a more flexible approach to working patterns was not adopted. Suite of Rights The flexible working rights which were established were significant in themselves, however, they formed part of a new set of rights which sought to create a more family friendly work environment. Until April 2003, individual parental rights were primarily limited to maternity leave for a new mother giving her the right for a leave, the right for parents to take emergency time off for dependants (not just limited to children) and to take up to 13 weeks parental leave, which had been introduced in December 1999. In April 2003, however, the following new rights were introduced: The right to maternity leave was extended considerably so that, for the first time, all employees (regardless of their length of service) were entitled to 26 weeks maternity leave and those with more than a years service acquired the right to 52 weeks maternity leave. Fathers also gained rights, albeit limited to 2 weeks paternity leave, on the birth of their child. Extraordinary new rights were given to those seeking to adopt, with statutory adoption leave and statutory paternity leave, giving rights reflecting maternity and paternity leave, for adopting parents. It is significant (and perhaps indicates the extent to which this Government is keen to support working parents) that the next item on the flexible working agenda, announced in 2004, is the possibility of allowing flexible maternity leave between parents; instead of only a mother having the right to take up to 52 weeks maternity leave, there is the vision of some limited swapping of the right to maternity absence as between the mother and father of the child. Before these revolutionary new rights in 2003, the ability of any employee to work flexibly or indeed part-time was very much limited to circumstances where an employer agreed through good will or good practice to such an arrangement. Critics of the flexible working rights argue that the new provisions have not moved this position forward because all they provide is a right to request and to have that request considered seriously. Before they existed, however, there were only two circumstances where flexible working patterns of any sort could be enforced: Firstly, where an individual was a disabled employee and could demonstrate that some form of adjustment to their working hours or duties and working arrangements amounted to a reasonable adjustment which their employer was grateful to make in accordance with the disability discrimination. Secondly, and only as a way of challenging a refusal, female employees could argue that in respect of part-time working, a refusal to agree to part-time work was contrary to the sex discrimination. This is on the basis that it can be shown that a practice within an organization prohibiting part-time working (or indeed a practice allowing only full-time working) operates to the greater disadvantage of women than men and thus falls within the concept of indirect sex discrimination. Why was it Implemented? The history that reflects the flexible working laws introduced in 2003 goes back a number of years. In June 2001, the UK Government established a Task Force whose role was to consider specifically the issues which working parents face; in particular the Task Force was to consider how to assist parents in meeting their desire for flexible working patterns, whilst at the same time remaining compatible with the need for business efficiency and requirements. The establishment of the Task Force was against the background of a voluntary campaign and Government funding to encourage employers and businesses to address work/life balance issues. In March 2000, the Prime Minister launched a campaign known as the Work/Life Balance Campaign with a view to persuading organizations to improve the lot of working parents in such a way as to nevertheless continue achieving business and customer requirements. The original campaign was not in fact focused upon parents, but looked at all employees regardless of whether they had caring responsibilities or not. It was significant, however, in recognizing that the attitude, culture and philosophy of workers had moved on considerably from the ambitious society of the 1980s and 1990s. According to information from the Department of Trade and Industry, the Work/Life Balance Campaign was accompanied by a test fund which, in the run up to the introduction of legislative requirements and legal obligations, encouraged employers to introduce and develop innovative working arrangements. By helping to fund consultancy support, projects were undertaken with work/life balance in mind, including the introduction of new working patterns as well as specific recruitment projects. Over the three years from 2000 to 2003, the Work/Life Balance Challenge fund benefited employers to the sum of  £10.5 million. In its report on 19 November 2001, the Government Task Force made nine recommendations to the Government, many of which were translated to form the basis of the new legislation. In addition to the campaign and the recommendations of the Task Force, the Government had also informed itself of the views of the working population, through the issue of a green paper: Work and Parents: Competitiveness and Choice. This consultation paper was issued in December 2000. The responses to the consultation paper made clear that whilst improving maternity and indeed paternity rights (such as parental leave) would be of benefit to working parents, by far the most popular and indeed significant benefit was improved flexibility to meet childcare and work responsibilities. Armed with these responses and the Task Force report About Flexible Working, the Government tabled parts of the Employment Act 2002 which resulted in implementation of significant new flexible working rights, implemented through an amendment to the Employment Rights Act 1996 and two sets of regulations. Demographic Changes Demographic changes have played a significant role in impressing the need for organizations to develop more varied and non-traditional working patterns: With the ageing population, many more people are finding that they have caring responsibilities such as looking after elderly or disabled relatives. As we are all living longer, more individuals are becoming disabled, according to the Employers Forum on Disability in UK. With the move away from extended families and as people become more mobile, so they are not living close to relatives and parents, those with children are less able to rely on grandparents or other relatives to help with child care responsibilities. The percentage of women who have taken up employment has increased. The trend for life expectancy, although different for men and women, has increased by roughly five years. The Business Case So much for the demographic changes, but there are also business benefits for organizations which offer new or more flexible working arrangements, particularly given the high skills shortage in the UK and more older people who themselves are keen to work but may prefer or indeed require more flexibility. Employers may be surprised to know that for some individuals the ability to work flexibly is more important than the pay or benefits that a particular job may provide. In an online poll carried out by Reed Recruitment in conjunction with the Department of Trade and Industry in UK as part of its Work/Life Balance Campaign 2002, a third of those polled (out of 4,000 people) expressed a preference for having the opportunity to work flexibly, rather than having a  £1,000 pay rise (Reed.co.uk). Over 43% of the men who responded to the poll selected flexible working as the benefit they would most look for in a new job, compared to 13% who would look for a company car, and 7% who considered gym membership to be the priority. Adopting family friendly and flexible working policies has the following advantages for employers: Retention of staff is the key to the stability and knowledge of the organization. Knowledge is lost when somebody leaves and networks are broken. This can be critical in a small business where major customers can go elsewhere when an employee, who understands their needs and whom they trust, moves on to a competitor. The typical recruitment costs of replacing an individual have been estimated at an average  £3,500, ranging from  £1,000 for an unskilled manual worker to over  £5,000 for a professional employee. These costs do not take account of the investment made in training (both formal and informal training) which is lost if skilled employees leave the workplace, as well as lost time and experience. Consequently, it makes commercial sense to try and retain staff rather than recruit new staff [Labor Turnover, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, October 2000]. Savings in absenteeism. Absenteeism costs approximately  £500 per employee a year. A quarter of employers rank home and family responsibilities as one of the five main causes of sickness absence. Employers that help their employees to balance their work with their family lives see improvements in business performance (Cheibl, L. and Dex.S, 1998). It enables businesses to benefit from a greater contribution from the workforce and maximizes the contributions that working parents are able to make to their employers. A strong track record in work/life balance can be a selling point to potential employees who consider that such a balance is important. Many employers sees benefits from flexible working and leave arrangements including: improved employee satisfaction and motivation improved retention rates and recruitment benefits increased employee productivity reduced labor turnover improved reputation Reduced absenteeism. All of which provide improved business results. After having introduced the new rights for parents in 2003, a survey was conducted and analysis of how successful the new rights have been within the UK (Employment Relations Occasional Papers: Results of the First Flexible Working Employee Survey, Tom Palmer, Department of Trade and Industry). The outcome of that report demonstrated that one million parents had made requests for flexible working. That is only a quarter of those who are eligible, meaning that three million who could have made such a request have not done so. Perhaps significantly, it seems that employers when faced with such requests do not have any major difficulty acceding them. 80% of those employees requesting flexible working had their request agreed. The shortfall of those pursuing their new rights and the three million who have not, may be explained by the surveys statistics which demonstrate that 52% of parents who are eligible are unaware in the first place that they have the right to request flexible workin g. The Government has declared an intention to extend these new rights beyond parents with children under six. However, the success and significance of new rights such as these can only be measured when individuals become fully aware of their abilities. The fact that 10% of employees without dependent children were reported in the survey to have requested flexible working, suggests that there is a need on the part of individuals without children to gain this benefit. In organizations where requests were made, despite that individuals did not always have the statutory right, the reasons for the change warrant examination: 13% quoted work life balance 11% cited family responsibilities 11% simply because they wanted more free time (i.e. voluntary and not driven by childcare or family pressures) 7% because of travel arrangements 7% to meet the caring needs of relatives or friends 6% due to health problems. As these statistics demonstrate therefore, an organizations ability to offer flexible working arrangements provides a significant benefit to an extremely wide pool of actual or potential employees. This may, however, just be the tip of the iceberg. What the survey does not analyze is how many individuals simply do not pursue a request. In the Equal Opportunity Commissions Annual Report for 2003-2004 (available at www.eoc.org.uk) four in ten mothers, one in ten fathers and one in five carers have left an organisation or refused a job because of caring responsibilities. This suggests that there are many who do not have confidence in their organizations willingness to accommodate them. What Can be Requested? The statutory request for flexible working, which must be in writing and must be dated (Regulation 4), can request a variation to the individuals contract in one of the following ways: a change to the hours of work; a change to the time when the work is required (for example, the same eight hour day but an early start and early finish); a change to the place of work as between home and place of business. The statutory provisions do not go beyond these fairly focused and limited flexible arrangements. Nothing within any of the provisions appear to prevent the employee seeking a change to more than one of the above, for example to reduce hours and work from home. What other scholars said: Given the competing demands of work and life, it is unsurprising that many employees experience conflict between the two domains. Work-life conflict can affect any employee but people with care responsibilities are more likely to suffer most because of the greater demands on their time. Research has tended to find that mothers, particularly those with young children, are less satisfied with their work-life balance than other groups of workers (Saltztein et al. 2001). Feelings of work-life conflict have been associated with, psychological and physical health problems; marital and family relationship problems, increased sickness absence and decreased life and job satisfaction (Evans and Steptoe 2002; Crouter et al. 2001;Westman 2001) The effects of work-family conflict on organizational outcomes have been well documented in the management and psychology literatures. According to Netemeyer, Brashearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœAlejandro, and Boles (2004), work-family conflict is an inter-role conflict where job expectations interfere with family-related responsibilities. The detrimental effects of work- family conflict on job satisfaction, employee retention, and psychological well-being have also been addressed (Brough, and Kalliath 2004). Related to work-family conflict, identity theory suggests individuals possess certain life roles (i.e., work-family roles) that may conflict, thus creating a spillover effect (Thoits 1991). When role clash occurs, the more valued role (i.e., family) takes precedence, and individuals are likely to instill protective measures to safeguard valued roles against potential damage. According to identity theory, these defense mechanisms may be implemented at the risk of abandoning the conflicting role(i.e., work) (Thoits 1991). Consistent with this notion, a study based in the retail sales industry indicates that when salespeople encounter conflict between two salient roles (work and family), they tend to withdraw from the less salient work role through higher turnover in order to maintain the more valued family role (Netemeyer, Brashearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœAlejandro, and Boles 2004). Work-life conflicts are seen to have a potentially detrimental impact on productivity, personal effectiveness, marital relations, child-parent relationships and even child development (Gornick and Meyers, 2003). A review of the role conflict literature indicates that studies proposing links between work-family conflict and job satisfaction have also witness a dramatic increase. For instance, the majority of studies have shown that work-family conflict is associated with decreased levels of job satisfaction (Adams and King 1996). Employers do realize that employee stress is partially due to the challenges in balancing work and family (Matusicky 2003). A good balance between work and family life has been said to benefit employers, as it is linked to better life satisfaction and subsequently to workers being more productive, creative and efficient (Zelenski, Murphy and Jenkins 2008). Numerous studies have demonstrated that employees who are dissatisfied with their jobs are more likely to engage in organizational deviance behaviors such as working less hard, absenteeism and company theft (Lau, Au, and Ho 2003). A recent meta-analysis on the effects of ethical climate suggests that job dissatisfaction poses a significant threat to organizations due to its intensifying effects on dysfunctional behavior (Martin and Cullen 2006). Drew et al.,(2003) believes that a number of factors might encourage employers to adopt policies to promote work-life balance. These include the business case for such polices such as a lower staff turnover, reduced absence and improved productivity, as well as changes in human resource management and changes in technology that enhances opportunities for working from home. Another key factor is increasing demand for greater flexibility from employees. All reviewed research results show positive effects of flex-time on the work-family balance. Flex-time workers with children under the age of 18 report lower levels of time pressure, and a higher level of job and life satisfaction than do their non-flex counterparts (Zuzanek 2000). Flexible work hours are associated with more satisfaction with family life (Jekielek 2003) and a reduction in perceived time stress (Tausig and Fenwick 2001). Analysts Comfort, Johnson and Wallace (2003) also found flex-time to be related to increased job satisfaction, increased satisfaction with pay and benefits, and a reduction in paid sick days. All of these relationships appeared slightly stronger for women. Over one-third of Canadian employees report having flex-time schedules (Comfort, Johnson and Wallace 2003).The proportion of those who reported having flex-time arrangements is higher among men than among women and is mainly found in small establishments, non-unionized settings, low-skill occupations, retail and commercial industries. A research on flexible working in Ireland has found these arrangements are more common in the public than in the private sector and that, women make use of them more frequently than men (Drew et al., 2003). Gender and the public/private sector distinction are two key factors in the analysis of the effects of flexible working. The measure of work-life conflict captures tensions between work and family commitments. In this research I want to investigate whether flexible working arrangements facilitate a work-life balance and reduce work pressure.